Buffalo nickels (1913–1938) are common in pocket change, but a few rare examples command extraordinary prices. This guide shows practical steps to inspect a Buffalo nickel and how to learn if you might be holding a high-value or even an exceptionally rare example.
Why the Buffalo Nickel Can Be Valuable
The value of a Buffalo nickel depends on three things: rarity, condition, and unusual features or errors. Most circulated nickels are worth face value or a few dollars, but rare dates and striking errors can push prices much higher.
Understand these elements before assuming a coin is worth a fortune. A realistic approach saves time and prevents common mistakes.
Rarity and Mintage
Certain dates had low mintage or survived in small numbers. Those dates are more likely to be valuable, especially in high grades. Mint marks (D for Denver, S for San Francisco) are important and can alter value significantly.
Condition and Grading
Condition is graded on a scale from Poor (P-1) to Perfect Mint State (MS-70). Even a rare date in poor condition might be worth only modestly above face, while the same date in mint condition can command steep prices.
Key Dates and Errors to Check on a Buffalo Nickel
When you examine a Buffalo nickel, focus on the date, mint mark, and any unusual features. Here are the key things to look for:
- Early dates: 1913 and 1914 pieces are more collectible.
- Low mintage years: Certain 1920s and 1930s issues have lower survival rates.
- Mint marks: Look for D or S on the reverse under the words FIVE CENTS.
- Known errors: Overdates, doubling, and the famous 1937-D “three-legged” variety.
How to Read the Date and Mint Mark
Dates can be worn off on circulated coins. Use a strong light and magnification to inspect where the date should be. Mint marks on Buffalo nickels are small and often blended into the design on worn pieces.
How to Inspect a Buffalo Nickel at Home
You don’t need fancy tools to make a basic assessment. Use a loupe or magnifying glass, good daylight or a bright lamp, and a soft surface to handle the coin safely.
- Handle by the edges to avoid oils or scratches.
- Check the obverse for the date; note any doubling or unusual numerals.
- Inspect the reverse near the lower edge for a mint mark.
- Look for die cracks, doubled dies, or missing features (which indicate errors).
Common Visual Clues of Value
Sharp details on the buffalo’s shoulder, horn, and the Native American’s hair are signs of higher grade. Strong, readable dates increase the chance the coin has numismatic value beyond face.
The 1937-D three-legged Buffalo nickel is a famous mint error where over-polishing removed the buffalo’s front right leg, creating a distinctive variety prized by collectors.
Realistic Ways to Find Out If Your Coin Is Valuable
If you suspect a coin is rare, follow these practical steps to confirm its value without risking damage or scams.
- Compare the coin to reliable online price guides and auction archives.
- Ask a local coin dealer for a preliminary opinion—avoid selling immediately.
- Consider third-party grading from PCGS or NGC if the coin appears to be high value.
- Get multiple opinions before listing the coin for sale.
Where to Sell a Valuable Buffalo Nickel
Options include reputable coin dealers, specialist auctions, and online marketplaces. Auctions are often best for rare error coins, while dealers may be smoother for quick sales.
When selling, get documentation and, if possible, a certified grade to attract serious buyers and protect your price.
Small Real-World Example
A collector found a circulated 1937-D Buffalo nickel while sorting coins from a box of old pocket change. The coin showed an obvious missing leg on the buffalo and clear date numerals.
After a dealer confirmed it as the three-legged variety, the owner submitted the coin for third-party authentication. The verified variety increased interest among collectors and allowed the owner to sell through a specialist auction.
Practical Tips and Final Checklist
Use this checklist when you check any Buffalo nickel:
- Is the date readable? Note the year.
- Is there a mint mark? (Look for D or S.)
- Any doubled numbers, die cracks, or odd shapes?
- Does the coin show unusually sharp detail for its apparent age?
- Get opinions from multiple trusted sources before selling.
Most Buffalo nickels are not million-dollar coins, but careful inspection can reveal important clues. With patience, a few minutes of examination and the right next steps might uncover a valuable piece of history in your pocket change.
If you find a potential rarity, document its condition with photos, seek a professional opinion, and consider third-party grading to unlock its true market potential.